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Jews responded to the ghetto restrictions with a variety of resistance efforts. Ghetto residents frequently engaged in so-called illegal activities, such as smuggling food, medicine, weapons or intelligence across the ghetto walls, often without the knowledge or approval of the Jewish councils. Spiritual resistance took place through cultural activities such as secret schools and clandestine religious observance, which asserted people’s humanity and individuality.
Commemorating the 6 million Jews murdered in the Holocaust, the millions of other people targeted and murdered by the Nazis, and the genocides in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Darfur has a powerful impact on those who organise and those who attend events.
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia has found former Bosnian-Serb President Radovan Karadžić guilty of crimes including responsibility for the deliberate removal of populations, the siege of Sarajevo, hostage-taking of UN peacekeepers, and the Genocide in Srebrenica.
Every June Gypsy Roma Traveller History Month provides a time dedicated to raising awareness of this community's past.