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Concentration camps

On 22 March 1933, only a couple of months after Adolf Hitler was appointed German Chancellor, the first concentration camp of the Nazi regime was established in the town of Dachau about 10 miles northwest of Munich.

8 December 1941: Murders begin at Chełmno

On 8 December 1941 the first murders were carried out at Chełmno. The Chełmno ‘killing centre’ was the first Nazi camp to be used specifically for the purpose of systematically murdering inmates, the majority of whom were Jewish.

10 December: Human Rights Day

10 December: Human Rights Day

10 December is International Human Rights Day, which marks the anniversary of the adoption of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

The Einsatzgruppen

The horrors of the death camps, such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, are what most people primarily associate with the Holocaust. However, the attempt to murder all the Jews in Europe began with mass shootings outside the camps, on the Eastern Front, after the Nazi invasion of the USSR in June 1941.

Rebuilding lives

After the Holocaust, those who survived often faced incomprehension and even hostility. People who went back to where they had previously lived frequently discovered that their homes were occupied by other people and that their belongings were gone. They were treated with fear and resentment.