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On 30 June 1940, the Nazis began their invasion of the Channel Islands – a group of British Crown dependency islands off the coast of France. This was the result of the German invasion of Western Europe. From May 1940, Nazi troops had been moving west. They captured Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and France in quick succession, with Paris falling to the Germans on 14 June 1940.
On 24 June 1900, Raphael Lemkin – the man who coined the word ‘genocide’ – was born. Lemkin was saddened by massacres of the past and his own family were murdered during the Holocaust. He dedicated his life to getting genocide recognised as a crime by nations across the world.
On 23 June 1944 the International Red Cross sent a delegation to inspect Theresienstadt Concentration Camp (often referred to as Terezin). The Nazis made temporary improvements to the camp to give the visitors a positive impression, and continued with deportations soon afterwards.
Each year on 20 June, the world celebrates World Refugee Day. This day recognises and celebrates the contribution of refugees to society across the world.
Refugee week takes place every year around World Refugee Day on 20 June, and celebrates the contributions of refugees to the UK.
16 May marks the end of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, which started on 19 April 1943. Approximately 750 of the ghetto inhabitants fought the Nazi regime to resist being rounded up and taken to death camps and concentration camps.
Introduced in Israel in 1953, Yom HaShoah is the date in the Jewish calendar for Jews around the world to mourn the loss of the six million Jewish people murdered during the Holocaust and the damage and destruction caused to millions more lives.
On 5 May 1945, Mauthausen Concentration Camp was liberated by the US Army.
On 29 April 1945 the prisoners of Dachau were liberated by US Army soldiers. Dachau was the first concentration camp to be constructed by the Nazis and one of the last to be liberated. Over 180,000 individuals had been imprisoned in the camp by the time it was liberated.
On 22 April 1945 Soviet troops liberated the concentration camp at Sachsenhausen, 20 miles north of Berlin. They found 3,000 unguarded, weak and ill prisoners. These were the people who were too unwell to join the forced death march, which set off from Sachsenhausen the day before liberation.